What does the term "inrush current" refer to in electric motors?

The term "inrush current" specifically refers to the surge of current that occurs when a motor starts. When an electric motor is initially powered on, it draws a significantly higher amount of current than it does during normal operation. This is because the motor needs to overcome inertia and start moving from a complete stop. The inrush current can be several times greater than the motor's full-load current, which can pose challenges for power systems and protective devices.

Understanding inrush current is crucial because if it exceeds the ratings of protective devices, it could lead to unnecessary tripping or even damage to the electrical system. Therefore, managing and accounting for inrush current is essential in motor control and protection strategies.